索引

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Abraham\'s Sacrifice(ship),37

Adams,John,28,301

Adriaensen,Willem,127

Allerton,Isaac,126,140

Amboyna(Ambon),72-73,248,260-61

Amboyna:A Tragedy(Dryden),73

America:Anglocentrism of history,220,302-3,311-12,339n.196,344n.263,349-50n.314;anti-Dutch bias,311,319,349-50n.314;Articles of Capitulation and Bill of Rights,304-5,315;democratic government,Dutch influence,28,100,198-208,220-21,244-45;as divinely anointed,302;Dutch colonies and settlers (see Manhattan;New Netherland);Dutch linguistic and cultural legacy,2,269-71,310-18,349-50n.314;English colonies and settlers,35,71-72,87,115,157-61;English land grants and bogus claims,185-87;English roots,2,157,284;first bounty hunter,188;first district attorney or public prosecutor,313-14,349-50n.314;first permanent European settlement,23;first New World settlement founded by a woman,160;Flushing Remonstrance and First Amendment,276;“forest Finns,” 277-79,279n.,316;fur trade,33,35,75-81,126,179,182,194;homosexuality,187-89;ideas of liberty,284-85,304-5;immigration,seventeenth-century,37-38,40-49,61;Jansson-Visscher map,217,224-25;log cabin building,279,279n.;Manifest Destiny,302,317;melting pot,Dutch colony and,312,313;merchant and trade groups (see West India Company);multiculturalism and revival of interest in Dutch colonial history,312;myth of origin,301,302-3,317;national character,Dutch influence,28;“natural law,” 264,345n.264;religious freedom,Dutch influence,96-97,274-76;religious pluralism,276-77,312-13;slavery and Royal African Company,293;Swedish colony,88-89,114-17;tobacco,194-95;transatlantic crossing,37;utopian community,220. See also Manhattan;New England;New Netherland

American Cookery(Simmons),270

American Revolution,80,100,156,320

amputation,147

Amsterdam:amenities,40,212-13;art and printing,214;creation of American colony,New Amstel,282-83;Descartes in,97,213;discovery of Van Rappard documents,53,53n.;Free University of,142;fur trading and,35;harborfront,33;inn of Pieter de Winter,85,110;Jewish community,275;letter by Van der Donck to Dr. La Montagne,in Municipal Archives,231;liberality and tolerance,2-3,26,61;Netherlands Maritime Museum,149;populace,melting pot,213;prosperity and Golden Age,212-13;prostitution,214;seventeenth-century,25;tobacco trade and,194-95,195n.;Town Hall,214-15,215n.;Walloon Church,41;West India House,48,75,154

Amundsen,Roald,34n.

Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp,The(Rembrandt),40,328n.35

Arminius,96,97

Arms of Amsterdam,54

Articles of Capitulation,304-5,307,315

Austrian National Library,217-18

Bacon,Nathaniel,120

Barents,Willem,28-29

Barsimon,Jacob,275

Baxter,George,181,237,264

Baxter,Thomas,260,263

Bayard,Judith,153-54,154n.,168,169,176,208,233,234

Beck,Matthais,274

Beech,Nan,111,127

Belgium,16,40,70,232n.

Bentyn,Jacques,122

Bermuda,37-38

Blaeu,Johannes,225

Blake,Robert,248

Blauvelt,Willem,83,187,194,207-8

Block,Adriaen,34,225

Blommaert,Samuel,88

Bogardus,Everadus,140,141,165,179,191,335n.141

Bol,Jan Claesen,179

Bonomi,Patricia,312

Bout,Jan Evertsen,111,197,207,212,213,231

Bradford,William,95,136

Brazil,144,149,150-52,277

Breda,Holland,93,94-95,153,154n.,176,225-26

“Broad Advice,” 124,336n.148

Brodhead,John Romeyn,52,263,311

Bronck,Jonas,140,290

Bronx(Bronck),140;Anne Hutchinson in Pelham Bay,160;River,163

Brooklyn(Breuckelen),127,192,262;Ferry 263,296;Flatbush(Vlackebos),262;Lady Deborah Moody\'s Gravesend,160,262

Brown,William,126

Browne,Robert,45

Burr,Aaron,5,321

Cabot,John,15-16,18-19,74

Calvin,John,156

Calvinism,61,68,85,96,153,168,169,170,187,274-75

Camden,New Jersey,181

Cape Henlopen,88,115

Cape May,40,88,115,277

Castellio,Sebastian,96-97

Catskill Mountains,134,138-39

Chambers,Thomas,126

Chancellor,Richard,18

Charles Ⅰ,45,67-74,96,219,222;art and artists and,69-70;Civil War and,155-58,219;daughter\'s marriage to Willem Ⅱ,222

Charles Ⅱ,King of England,3,219,286;takeover of Dutch colonies,289,291-300,307

Christina,Queen of Sweden,88,115,213

Christoph,Peter,4,323

Coen,Jan Pieterszoon,63

Congo,Antony,83,165

Connecticut,158,164,180,237-38,260,286-90

Connecticut River(Fresh River),34,43,87,237

Coorn,Nicolaes,188

Coriolanus(Shakespeare),15

Cornelissen,Gelain,108

Crèvecoeur,J.Hector St.John de,313,321,351n.321

Cromwell,Oliver,164,219,245-47;Anglo-Dutch Wars and,247-50,261,265;capture of Jamaica,247;George Downing and,285-86;Western Design,261,265

Croon,Lysbeth,241

Crossed Heart,The(ship),306

Cunaeus(Piet van der Cun),100

Curaçao,146,149,150,151,152,168,179,274,288,306

Curaçao Papers,221

Dandrada,Salvador,275

Dee,John,16-17

De Forest,Isaac,107

De Graaf,Reinier,98

De Hondt,Joost,29

De Jure Bellli ac Pacis(Grotius),210

Dela Croix,Jeronimus,77

Delaware Bay,31,88-89,183

Delaware Indians,32,42,184

Delaware River(South River),34,43,44,58,88;English threat to Dutch control,183;New Amstel settlement,282-83;New Sweden and,114-17,164-65,181-184,277-79

De Lucena,Abraham,275

democracy,100;American Revolution and,156;English Civil War and,156-57,219;forerunner,Peace of Westphalia,210;Manhattan and representative government,198-208,229,244-45;political activism,seventeenth-century and,219;Van den Enden\'s coterie,220

De Rasière,Isaack,54,55,58,59,62-63,64

De Ruyter,Michiel,299

Descartes,René,97-98,100,101-2,154,171,213,310

Description of New Netherland,A(Van der Donck),136-38,137n.,251-52;second edition,281-82

Description of the Province of New Albion,A(Plantagenet),187

De Sille,Nicasius,297

De Truy,Philip,200

De Vernuis,Jacque,106-7

De Vries,David,81-82,83,107,119-20,121-22,123-24,125,173,173n,333n.108

De Wale,Johannes,98

De Winter,Jacob,253

De Witt,Jan,241,248,265,286,291

De Wolff,Dirck,268

Dijckman,Johannes,325,351n.325

Dircksen,Willem,126

Discourse on Method(Descartes),98,102

Discourses and Mathematical

Demonstrations Concerning Two Sciences(Galileo),97

Documents Relating to New Netherland,1624-1626,in the Henry E. Huntington Library,53n.

Dokkum,Netherlands,148

Dongan,Thomas,276-77

Doughty,Francis,160-61,164,165,264,281

Doughty,Mary,161,166,176,195-96,207,245,281

Downing,George,285-88,290,291,295,299

Drake,Sir Francis,18

Dryden,John,73

Dutch Antilles,146

Dutch East India Company(VOC),24,26,29-30,52,102

Dutch Republic. See Netherlands

Dutch West India Company,39-40,47,48,52,53,55,56,61,62,63,75,81,87,88,100,102,105,106,108,113,117,122,140,141,144-45,151,189,193,228,275;American appeal to be separate from,165,193-98,206-8,216-31,240-45;Anglo-Dutch Wars and resurgence of power,249,259-60;English takeover of American colonies and,288,299-300;failure of,224,242;Long Island towns and,264;Manhattan focus of(1655),277;Manhattan purchased for,3,49-50,53,54,56,57,58,65,329-30n.49;peace treaty with Indians ordered,161;Peter Stuyvesant and,146-55,161,165,306,324,341-42n.228;reversal of ruling against,245,249;slave trade,273-74,291;soldier\'s pay,57,330n.57

D\'Wys,Gulyam,259

East Indies,25-26,63,68,71,72-73,248

Eaton,Theophilus,236,236n.,237,238

Eighty Years\'War,210

Elizabeth Ⅰ,Queen of England,16,18,68

Encyclopedia of the North American Colonies,312

Endecott,John,160,237-38

England:American colonies and settlers,2,3,35,87,115;Anglo-Dutch Wars,247-50,259-61,265,307-8;Charles Ⅰ and Personal Rule,67-74;Church of England,156;Civil War,155-58,164,246-47,337n.164;as colonial power,113;Cromwell\'s Western Design,261,265;defeat of the Spanish Armada,18,29;disputation of Dutch claims to New York,73-75,81-82,115,181;Dutch alliance,45,67-74;Dutch Republic,contrast with,26,27;Dutch Republic,politics and,30;economy and trade,15,17,18,34,247;East Indies and,71,72-73;exploration,13-14,15-16,17-24;Glorious Revolution,308-9;Henry Hudson,desire for return of,30,33-34;India and,73,113;invasion of New Netherland,aborted,261,265;land grants in colonies,186;merchant and shipping companies,13-15,23-24,35-36;Navigation Act,247;Protestantism and Cromwell,155-58,246;religious persecution,158-59;Restoration,286,289;seizure of Unity,71-72,73-74;Spain and,69-70;takeover of Manhattan and New Netherlands,3,8,216,284-300;Whitehall Palace,70

Episcopius,Simon,97

Erasmus,Desiderius,171

Erie Canal,8,81,316-17

Exercitatio Anatomica De Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus(Harvey),63

exploration:America and Canada,by Henry Hudson,31-35;Arctic,17-22,327n.21;circumnavigation of the globe,18;Dutch,28-30;English,15-24;“established theory,”20,327n.21;maps and mapmakers,16,17,29;search for a northern passage to Asia,17-24,28-30,34-35,34n.;Spanish,17;Strait of the Three Brothers,17. See also Hudson,Henry

Eyckenboom,Den(“The Oak Tree”),103,108,333n.108

Farret,John,149-50,152-53,154,179

Fernando de Noronha Island,149

Finns,277-79,279n.,316

Fishkill,New York,41-42

Flipsen(Philipse),Frederick,269

Flushing(Vlissingen),New York,207,262,264

Flushing Remonstrance,276

Forrester,Andrew,185-86

Fort Orange(Albany),46-47,49,52,58,59,65,75-76,87,102,109,139,162,188,190,295,308,316;Beverwyck,267-68,308;Dutch legacy in place names,310;as Willemstad,308

Fortune(ship),37

Fox,Dixon Ryan,344n.263

France:fur trade in America and Indian alliances,76,79;Henry Hudson and,30

Franklin,Benjamin,321,351n.321

Frederik Hendrik,Prince of Orange,45,222

Frijhoff,Willem,142-43,143n.

Frisius,Gemma,16,17

for trade,33,35,39,44-45,75-81,126,182;beaver hats,76;beaver pelts per year passing through Manhattan,194;wreck of the Princess and,179,191

Galileo,97,99

Geddes,Jenny,155,157

Gehring,Charles,1,4-6,7,52,53n.,142-43,151,271,323-25,35 In.322

Geraerdy,Philip,107

Gerrit,Manuel “The Giant,” 84,300

Gerritsen,Philip,141

Gerritson,William,161

Goderis,Joost,259

Goedhuys,Diederik Willem,137n.

Gomarus,96

Gorges,Sir Ferdinando,186

Grotius,Hugo,99-100,137,154,171,178,210,264,310,345n.264

Gustavus Adolphus,King of Sweden,61,88,210

Hackinsack Indians,119,164

Hakluyt,Richard,19-20

Hall,Thomas,171,185,197

Halve Maen(ship),31,206

Hartford,Connecticut,82,87,237,287,290;Hartford Treaty,237-38,243;Huyshope Avenue and Dutch origins,238,238n.

Harvard,John,285

Harvey,William,63,67,98

Heckewelder,John,32

Hempstead(Heemsteede),New York,262-63

Hendricksz,Jeuriaen,126

Henrietta,Duchess of Orleans,307

Henri Ⅳ,King of France,30

Herman,Augustin,171,185,197,198,201,207,219,235,242;Jansson-Visscher map,217,224-25

Heyn,Piet,63

Hoboken,New Jersey,241

Holland,93,93n. See also Netherlands

Holmers,Willem,126

Holmes,Robert,295

homosexuality,187-89

Hooglandt,Cornelis,127

Hooker,Thomas,87

Hopewell(ship),20,21-22

Hopkins,Edward,237,238

Hudde,Andries,127

Hudson,Henry,5,9;American exploration,31-35,96,206,225;background,19;crew mutinies,22,35,328n.35;death,35,328n.35;discovery of Manhattan and Hudson River,32-33;Dutch sponsorship,24,26,29,81,96,206,328n.29;first voyage,20-21;Indian encounters,32,33;influence,35;lack of historical recognition,18-19;London house,326-27n.13;Muscovy Company and,13-14,19-24,327n.14;political intrigue,29-30;search for northern passage,19-22,34-35,34n.;second voyage,21-22;ships,20,21-22,31

Hudson,John,21,35

Hudson Bay and Hudson Strait,34,35

Hudson River,5,8,32-33,34,38;Dutch settlements on,46-47,58,75-81,102-4;Indians of,38;as North River,43;as River Mauritius,38. See also Manhattan

Huguenots,153

Huntington,Henry E.,53

Huron Indians,79

Hutchinson,Anne,160

India,73,113

Indians. See Native Americans

Iroquois League,80

Irving,Washington,3

Ivan the Terrible,18

Jacobs,Jaap,82

James Ⅰ,King of England,30,35,45,186

James Ⅱ,Duke of York,3,292-93,294;American land grant,294;as King James Ⅱ,308,320;Manhattanites\'freedoms and,305

Jansen,Hendric,108,127

Jansen,Tonis,108

Janszen,Michael,185,197,198,200

Japan,291

Java,63

Jeannin,Pierre,30

Jefferson,Thomas,98

Jersey City,New Jersey,123,241

Jews:in America,9,275;in Dutch Republic,26,95,275;Stuyvesant and,275

Joachimi,Albert,70-71,87,157-58,192

Jogues,Isaac,333n.107

Johnson,Jeremiah,136

Juet,Robert,32,33

Kalmar Nyckel(ship),88,115

Kidd,William,106

Kieft,Willem,108,112-28,181,207;case against,170-71,172-79,180;currency crisis and directive,117-18;death in shipwreck,179,191,192;directive on Indian tax,118-19,173,177;edict against Raritan Indians,120,173;English refugees to Manhattan and,159-60;letter to Minuit,116;opposition to,139-45,151,154,161,168,170-71,172-79;peace treaty with Indians,161-64;replacement,154-55,165-66,167;tax on beavers and beer,140-41;Van der Donck and,134;War against the Indians and Pavonia massacre,121-28,151,152,172

“Knickerbocker” history(Irving),3

Kremer,Gerhard(Mercator),16,17

Kress,Jack,349-50n.314

Krol,Bastiaen,37,59,65,87

Kuyter,Jochem,139-40;banishment and exile,178-79;case against Kieft,140-41,165,167,168,170-71,172-79;return to Manhattan and decision against Kieft,197-203;wreck of the Princess,survival,179,191-92

Lake Ontario,80

La Montagne,Johannes,114,118,162,184-85,204;Van der Donck\'s letter to,231

Lampe,Jan,62,62n.

law:first district attorney(schout)or public prosecutor,313-14,349-50n.314;Grotius and international,99;Manhattan,legal system and punishment,61-63,84;“natural law,” concept of,264,345n.264;Van der Donck and American,99-100,103-4

Leete,William,287,289

Leiden,Holland,45,93-102;University of,94,95,97-100,135,178,250

Leisler\'s Rebellion,309

Le Maire,Isaac,30

Lenni Lenape Indians,38,54

Letters from an American Farmer(Crèvecoeur),313

Levy,Asser,275,300

Locke,John,100

London:Downing Street,286;Great Fire,23;Henry Hudson house,326-27n.13;Muscovy House,15,23;seventeenth-century,13-15,21

Long Island,127;division between Dutch and English,238;English takeover,290;Gravesend,160,262-63;New Albion and claims of Plowden,186-87,338n.186;“Remonstrance and Petition of the Colonies and Villages in this New Netherland Province,” and breach with Stuyvesant,262-64

Loockermans,Govert,106,113,144,170,184,185,197,198,219

Loper,Jacob,207

Lupoldt,Ulrich,111

Luther,Martin,156

Mahican Indians,38,46,52,57-58,87,135-36,141,161

Maine,186;Fort Gorges,186

Manhattan(New Amsterdam,New York City),2;African settlers and slaves,83,84,165,233,273-74,346n.273;as American beginning,3,303;archaeological excavations,196,196n.,337n.172,339n.196;Battery Park,60;beaver on seal,76;“birth certificate,” 55-56;Board of Nine,185,190,193,193n.,194,196,198,199,201,204,207,229,235;Brewer\'s Bridge,107;British invasion,aborted,261,265;Broadway,60,60n.;burgher status,268,271;canal,266;case of Kieft vs. Kuyter,Melyn,et al,172-79,191-92;chosen as capital of New Netherlands,49,58,81;City Tavern(City Hall),192,196,257,258n.,297;claims of Andrew Forrester,185-86;as company town(West India Company),61-62,81,105,108,113,143-45,233;Corlaer\'s Hook(Lower East Side),123;cost of living,227;culture,society,lawlessness,prostitution,61,62,64-65,83-85,89,106,111,167;currencies,64,65,76,117-18;Customs Building,60;decision-making,people\'s demand for representative government,171,172,197-208,221,229,244-45,257-64,265,305;decline(1640),89;deed to,54,55,58;Deutel Bay(Turtle Bay),111,111n.,121;disputation of Dutch claims to by English,73-75,81-82;Dutch linguistic and cultural legacy,269-71,310-18;Dutch retaking(1673)and subsequent to return to British,308,309;early construction,59-60,82-83,104-5,107,126,171;Ellis Island,259;English religious refugees in,158-61;English takeover,3,8,284-300;first kosher butcher shop,300;first minister,64;flag of United Provinces,colors and New York sports teams,183;Fort Amsterdam,59-60,62,122,124,126,127-28,132,140,159,168-69,184,193;fortification,Anglo-Dutch Wars,260,287-88;as free port,64,105-6,107,110,117,194;government,postincorporation,257-64,265-66;Greenwich Village,56-57,233-34;growth,61,82,149-60,171,266,269-70;harbor,104-5,107;Harlem,110,271-72;Harlem River,196;Henry Hudson and,33;immigrants,as landing for,61,309-10,316,317;incorporation as city(1653),257-58,258n.,345n.265;inhabitants,2,5,8,58,61,83-85,86,107,165,234,333n.107;as international port and shipping hub,151,194,195,266,268,303-4,339n.196;Jews in,275,300;Kieft\'s directive on taxing Indians,118-19,173,177;Kieft\'s War against the Indians,121-28,151,152;legal disputes and land transfers,126-27,259,271;legal system and punishment,61-63,84,132,169-70,258,264;Leisler\'s Rebellion,309;lifestyle and rise in comfort,106-8,266,337n.172;location and topography,8,9-10,42,60;merchant class,rise of,105-6,108,126;Mohawk name,Gänóno,42;multiethnic society,melting pot,107,125,258,272,300,302,305,309-10,312,313;murder of Claes Swits,110-12,121,122;Museum of the American Indian,60,258n.;Native Americans on,54,58,60,110-12,118-19;New Albion and claims of Plowden,186-87,338n.186;New York City Charter,304-5,315;Noten(Nut)Island(Governor\'s Island),47,49;opposition to Kieft and Indian policies,124-25,126,139-45,151,154,161,167-68,170-71,172-79;origins of name,33,42;paths,roads,thoroughfares,60,60n.,107,192-93,233;peace treaty with Indians,161-64;Peach War,279-81;people\'s grievances about rule of West India Company,198-99;petition for political status to The Hague,142-45,143n.,154,170,175,206-8,216-31;political structure,city council,107,114,118,121-22,139-45,176,178-79,193,201,257-64(see also Board of Nine,above);portrait(Van der Donck\'s),217-18,225;post-English takeover,303;as prototype for America,3,6,258-59,272;publicity in Europe and immigration,228,229-30,235,341-42n.228;purchase of,3,49-50,53,54,56,57,58,65,329-30n.49;renamed New York,300;St. Mark\'s-in-the-Bowery,6-7,234n.;“Stuyvesant\'s Bouwerie,” 233-34,266,346n.273;Stuyvesant\'s directives and laws,169;taverns and breweries,83,106,107,110,111,121,126,127,141,169,172,192,337n.172;tax on beavers and beer,140-41;tobacco trade,194-95;tolerance,policy of,125,159,258-59,273,317;transfer of colony,304-5;uniqueness of peoples,culture,and structure,2,6,8,113,258;upward mobility and entrepreneurs,268-69;Van der Donck as father of,143;Van Rappard documents,53-54;Wall Street,260;wildlife of,42,43. See also Stuyvesant,Peter

Manifest Destiny,302,317

maps and mapmakers,16,17,29;Jansson-Visscher map of colonial America,217,224-25;Mercator projection,16;view of Manhattan,217-18

Maryland,186,187n.

Mason,John,120

Mau,Sijmen Lambertsz,36

Maurits,Prince of Orange,45,101-2

May,Cornelis,40

Mayflower(ship),140

Melting Pot,The(Zangwill),317-18

Melyn,Cornelius,107,139-40,207,219,262;banishment and exile,178-79;case against Kieft,165,167,168,170-71,172-79;return to Manhattan and Prince of Orange\'s decision,197-203;wreck of the Princess,survival,179,191-92

Mercator. See Kremer,Gerhard

Michaelius,Jonas,64,65,66,71,273

Milkmaid,The(ship),153

Milton,John,249

Minqua Indians(Susquehannocks),182,184,280

Minuit,Peter,48-50,53,54,58-59,62,64,65-66,71,75,81,112,114,157;death,117;letter from Willem Kieft,116;New Sweden and,88-89,114-17,164,181;purchase of land,Atlantic coast,65-66;purchase of Manhattan,49-50,53,54,56,57,58,65,329-30n.49;purchase of Staten Island,56,65

Mohawk Indians,46,57,65,75-81,135-36,141,188-89,295;Agheroense and Kieft\'s peace treaty,162-63;lawsuit against West India Company,189;Van der Bogaert\'s journey and,80,331n.80

Mohawk River,8,43,75,76

Moody,Lady Deborah,159-60,165

Muscovy Company,13-15,18,19,23-24,29,327n.14

Native Americans:alliances with Dutch,46-47,59,75-81;alliances with French,76,79;British prejudice against,261;burial of dead,77;cannibalism,47;canoes,196,196n.;Dutch language and,310;encounters with European settlers,42-43,44,75-81,85,106;encounters with Henry Hudson,32,33;fur and other trade items,44-45,75-81,126,179,182,280;Kieft\'s directive on taxing,118-19,173,177;Kieft\'s peace treaty with,161-64;Kieft\'s War,121-28,173;languages,character,culture,50-51,57-58,76-81,119,135-36,331n.80;Manhatesen(or Manhattan)Indians,54,58,60;Mahican and Mohawk conflicts,46-47,52;massacres by,160;massacres of,85,120,123-24,172,177;murder of Claes Swits,110-12,121,122;Peach War,279-81;purchase of Manhattan from,3-4,49-50,53,54,56,57,58,329-30n.49;real estate transactions,49-50,51-52,57-58,65-66,87,115,119,137-38,184;“River Indians,” 38;shaman healing ceremony,78-79;smallpox and other diseases,78;stereotypes,135;unification of,127;Van der Donck and,131,135-36,137-38,141,162-63;violence against and retaliation,112,120,123-28,173;wampum(sewant),64,76,79,117-18,163. See also specific tribes

Negro,Jan,83,165

Netherlands(United Provinces):Act of Abjuration,245;American appeal to take over New Netherland from West India Company,193-98,206-8,216-31,240-45;American colony(see New Netherland);Anglo-Dutch Wars,247-50,259-61,265,307-8;“Batavianized” names,125;Binnenhof,145,215,239;Catholic provinces,69;child-raising,94;colonies,empire builders,merchant princes,113,124-25,144,145,146-55,171,212,268;communication system,63-64;coup attempt by Willem Ⅱ,238-40;cultural innovations,25;domination of trade,291;dress,27,211,211n.;Dutch National Archives,Van Twiller letter,82;Dutch Republic,6,26,27-28,70,93,93n.,232n.;economic and political power,25-26;East Indies and,25-26,63,68,71-72,291;England,alliance with,45,67-74;England contrasted with,26,27;English disputation of Dutch claims to North America,73-75,81-82;English political intrigue in,29-30;English seizure of Dutch vessel,71-72,73-74;English takeover of American colonies,294-300;English takeover of slave-trading posts,291-94,299;exploration and discovery,16;flag of United Provinces,183;fur trade,34,35,65,179;geography,26;Gevangenpoort,224,224n.;Golden Age,101,211-13,284,291,310;government,215-16,218-19,221-22,244-45;The Hague,29,56,73,141,145,157,179,215,221,227,230,239;home as personal space,coziness,101;House of Orange and Nassau,222;Indian policy,46-47;inheritance laws,226n.;intellectual and political ideas,171,210,219-21;Jewish community in,26,95,275;language,seventeenth-century,4-5,323;lifestyle,101,212-13;loss of archives of Dutch East and West India Companies,52,55;as melting pot,125;merchant and trade groups(see Dutch East India Company;West India Company);merchant support of Henry Hudson,24;national character,28,126,171;peace treaty with Spain(Munster Treaty,Peace of Westphalia),193,194,207,209-12,340n.209;policy of tolerance,6,26,95,96-97,125-26,274,310;political and religious refugees,6,26,35,45-46,95,125;Protestantism of,45,61,69;religious freedom,96-97,245,274-75;royalist crisis,221-23;settlers for New Netherland from,223,226,228,341-42n.228;slave trade,273-74,291,293;social class and upward mobility,27-28;Spain and Spanish wars,27,29,38-39,45,63,68,94-95,125,144;tulip frenzy,99,99n.;Union of Utrecht(de facto constitution),245;voyage and report of Henry Hudson,31-33;waning of Empire and British takeover,284-300. See also Amsterdam

New Albion,186-87

New Amsterdam. See Manhattan

Newark,New Jersey(Achter Col),127

New Castle,Delaware,282-83

New England:anti-Dutch propaganda in,260-61;Boston as capital,180,181;Brownists,45;emigration from,to Manhattan,158-61;Hartford Treaty,237-38,243,290;Massachusetts,158,160,260,286;New Plymouth,158,260,289;Pilgrims and Puritans,3,61,64,85,96,140;population growth,158;religious persecution and persecution of witches,159-60;Restoration and Winthrop\'s charter for Connecticut,286-90;Stuyvesant and,179-81,206,235-38,290;United Colonies,158

Newfoundland,17,31,74

New Haven,158,164,180,183,236,236n.,260,286-87,289-90

New Jersey,38,115,269n.,303

New Netherland:accounts of,3-4;Catskills,134,138-39;description,Van der Donck,129-31;Dutch claims to settlement,35,40,43,96;Dutch retaking(1673)and subsequent to return to British,308;early contact with Pilgrims,64;early leaders of,47-50,53,54,58-59,62,64,81-82,108,112-27(see also Manhattan;Stuyvesant,Peter);English takeover,284-300;English threat to,216;first European child born in,41;fur and timber trade,33,34,35,39,44-45,75-81,126,179,182,191;194;geography,8;Hartford Treaty,237-38,243,290;history,recap by Van der Donck,205-6,328n.29;Indian attacks,127-28,160;law and order,103-4;linguistic and cultural legacy,269-71;Mohawk River Valley,8,43,75;populace,2;Rensselaerswyck,102-4,106,108-9,127,129,132,139,189-90,267,310,335n.139;settlement,38,40-49,58,75;size,2,303;transfer of colony to English,304-5. See also Fort Orange;Manhattan;specific governors

New Netherland Project,7,52,312,322-25

New Sweden,88-89,114-17,164-65;flag colors,183;“forest Finns,” 277-79,279n.,316;Fort Christina,116,117,182;Fort Mosquito,182;Fort Nassau,182;fur trade and,182;Johan Printz leadership,182-84;Peach War and,279-81;Stuyvesant and,181-84;Stuyvesant and recapture of,277-79

Newton,Brian,149,174,201,204

Newton,Isaac,97

Newtown(Middelburgh),New York,262

New York,3;archives on Dutch New Netherland,1,4,5-6,9,151,300,319-25,351n.321;Dutch trade under English rule,303;loss of early records,52-53,55,300,319-20;named after Duke of York,300;Netherlands Center,137n.;origins,uniqueness,7-8,300;religious pluralism,276-77;Saw River Parkway,163;State Library,Albany,1;Van Rappard documents,53-54,53n.

New York Harbor,32,104,303

Nicolls,Richard,8,294-300,303,306,313

Night Watch,The(Rembrant),76,112

Nyack Indians,164,206

O\'Callaghan,Edmund,49,311

O\'Donnell,Thomas,136

Of Plymouth Plantation(Bradford),136

Ogden,John and Richard,126

Oneida Lake,80

Op Dyck,Gysbert,237

O\'Sullivan,John,302

Oxenstierna,Axel,88

Pauw,Adriaen,209-11,211n.,241,248,340n.209,343n.248

Pavonia,241;massacre,123-24,125,172,177

Peace of Westphalia,193,194,207,209-11

Penn,William,41,181

Pepys,Samuel,76,286,291

Pequot Indians,85,120

Peterszen,Claes(Dr.Nicolaes Pietersen Tulp),40,328n.35

Philadelphia,181,220

Philip Ⅱ,King of Spain,18

Philip Ⅲ,King of Spain,29

Philip Ⅳ,King of Spain,69

Pia,Pierre,127

Pilgrims,3,61,85,140,301;Brownists,45;early contact with Dutch in Manhattan,64;in Leiden,45-46,95-96;See also Connecticut;New England;New Haven

Plancius,Peter,18,29

Plockhoy,Pieter,220

Plowden,Sir Edmund,186-87,187n.,189,338n.186

Portugal:Brazil and,152,277;exploration and colonization,17,25;loss of East Indies to the Dutch,26;slave trade,61 Princess Amelia(ship),179,191-92

Principle Navigations Voyages Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation,The(Hakluyt),19

Printz,Johan,182

privateering and piracy,39,63,83,86,106,183,187,194,263;Anglo-Dutch Wars and,259-60;La Garce(ship),187,207;outlawing of privateering,207-8

Purchas,Samuel,23

Puritans,3,61,85,94;America\'s myth of origin and,301-3,317;English Civil War and,156-58;incursions into Dutch territory,158,164;massacre of the Pequots,85;Oliver Cromwell and,246;theocracy and intolerance,301-2. See also Connecticut;New England;New Haven

Quakers,275-76

Queens,New York,160

Raleigh,Sir Walter,23,34

Rapalje,John,41

Rapalje,Joris,37,40-41,43,44,46,48,58,75,87,105-6,113,121,136,165,299

Rapalje,Sarah,41,127

Raritan Indians,106,119,120,173,206

Reagan,Ronald,157

Rechgawawanck Indians,164

Reformed Dutch Church,275,310

Reiss,A.J.,314

religious freedom,96-97,245,274-75;Rembrandt,40,76,112,328n.35

Remonstrance of New Netherland(Van der Donck),205-6,216,223-25,227-28,263,341-42n.228

republicanism,27,100. See also democracy

Reyniers,Griet,85-86,113,165,299

Rockefeller,Nelson,4,322

Roman Catholicism,156. See also Netherlands;Spain

Rubens,Peter Paul,69-70,157

Russell,Bertrand,6

Russia,English trade,18,34. See also Muscovy Company

St. Beninio(ship),236

St. Germain,Jean,127

St. Martin(island),146-47,151,152

Santa Claus,270-71,314-15

Santorio,Santorio,63

Schaghen,Pieter,55-56

Schepmoes,Jan,126

Schuyler,Cortlandt van Rensselaer,4

Schuylkill River,115,182,182n.

Scotland,157

Sea-Mew(ship),48

Sears,Isaac,320

Sedgwicke,Robert,265

Shakespeare,William,15,18,37

Simmons,Amelia,270

slavery and slave trade,61,83,84,151,165,273-74;English takeover of,293;Royal African Company,293

Smith,Dirck,277

Smith,James,126

Smith,John,22-23,31

Snediger,Jan,127

South America,25,61,63,83;Spanish,Portuguese,and Dutch fight for,144,150-52,277

Spain:colonial empires,25,65,146-47,150-51,277;decline of empire,63;Duke of Alva,attack on Dutch Protestants,125;English-Dutch alliance against,45;English peace treaty with,69-70;exploration by,17;invasion fleet against England(Spanish Armada),18,29;Netherlands and,27,29,38-39,63,68,69,94-95,125,146-47;peace treaty with Dutch Republic(Münster Treaty),193,194,207,340n. 209;Roman Catholicism and,18,27;Spanish Main,83,183;treasure fleet,63

Spinoza,Baruch,26,171,220,310

Springsteen,Bruce,269,269n.

Stael,Michiel,223-24,227,239,341-42n. 228

Stam,Arent Corssen,108

Staten Island(Staten Eylandt),32,48-49;David de Vries farm,119-20,173,173n.;purchase,56

Steen,Jan,94

Stow,John,14

Stuyvesant,Balthasar,208,234,298,306

Stuyvesant,Peter,3,8,9,60;arrival in Manhattan,165-66,167-68;Articles of Capitulation and individual freedoms,305-6,307;aviary,288;Board of Nine and,185,190,193,193n.,194,195,199-200,201,207,235;breach with Long Island towns,262-63;Calvinism and religious intolerance,153,168,169,170,275-76;change of city government and,257;charges of homosexuality against Van den Bogaert,187-89;children,208,234,298;claims of Andrew Forrester,185-86;claims of Plowden and New Albion,186-87,338n. 186;death,306;English comrades,149,174,181,201;English takeover and,287-88,295-300,304-5,324;English threat to Dutch colony and,183;estate in Greenwich Village,233-34;family and background,Friesland,147,148,171-72,233;Farret and poetry exchanged,149-50,152-53,154,336n. 149;Flushing Remonstrance,276;governor of Manhattan,154-55,168-90,199-208,235-38,257,258,265,273-74,275-76,287-88,295-300,324;handwriting,324;Indians,negotiations with,206;justice administered by,169-70,178-79;Kieft vs. Melyn,Kuyter,et al.,170-71,172-79,208;loss of leg,146-48,152-53;mandamus served on,202-3,206;New England and,180-81,206,235-38;New Sweden and,181-84,277-79;ordered back to Dutch Republic and return to America,306;ordinance against depositions,205;political acumen,170,180,184,235-38;political scandal,sale of guns to Indians,203;Rensselaerswyck and,189-90;representative(popular)government,position on,174,199-208,258,265;return of Melyn and Kuyter and case against rule of,197-203;return to Netherlands,recuperation,and marriage,153-55,154n.;St. Beninio affair,236;slavery and freed Africans,273-74,346n.273;States General reversal of ruling against,245,249;States General ruling against,230,234-35,243-45;tomb,7,234,234n.;transformation after loss of colony,306;Van der Donck and,166,175-76,185,189,190,199-204,208,234,243-45,338n. 176;West India Company,service in Caribbean and South America,146-55,168;wife,153-54,154n.,168,169,176,208,233,234;Winthrop(younger)and,287-88,297;wooden leg,154,166

Sweden,61,87-89;claims in America,88-89,114-17

Swits,Adriaen,126

Swits,Claes,110-12,113,121,122,126,165

Swits,Comelis,165

Tappan Indians,56,119,123,164

Tekel or Balance of the great monarchy of Spain...,63

Tempest,The(Shakespeare),37

Tenner,Nicolaes,126

Thirty Years\'War,88,125-26,181,210

Thomassen(Tomassen),Willem,77,79,127

Thorne,Robert,20

tobacco trade and markets,194;Amsterdam and,194-95,195n.

Treasure of Health(Van Beverwijck),94

Trenton,New Jersey,181

Trico,Catalina,37,40-41,43,44,46,48,58,75,87,113,121,127,136,165,299-300

Tromp,Maarten,248

True Relation of the Unjust,Cruel,and Barbarous Proceedings against the English at Amboyna,A,72,260-61

Tryon,William,320-21

Turner,John,126

United States Constitution and Bill of Rights,315-16;Flushing Remonstrance and First Amendment,276;

Unity(ship),65,71,72,73-74,88,157

Usselincx,Willem,38,75

utopian community,220

Van Angola,Anna,165

Van Bergen,Adriaen,95,226

Van Bergen,Agatha,226,226n.,262

Van Beverwijck,Johan,94

Van Brugge,Carel(Charles Bridges),149

Van Gampen,Jan Claeszoon,150

Van Couwenhoven,Jacob,197,207,212,213,231

Van Crieckenbeeck,Daniel,46-47,52,54,59,65,87

Van Curler,Arent,108,133,134,138

Van Curler,Jacob,110-11

Van den Bogaert,Harmen,75,76-81,87,111,126-27,187-89,316,331n. 80

Van den Enden,Franciscus,220

Van der Cappellen,Alexander,228

Van der Donck,Adriaen,9;American democratic cause of,131,142-45,143n.,165,198-208,216-31,243-45,258,259,305,309;American,use of word,143n.,172;arrival in America,104-9,112;background and education,intellectual mentors,94-102,210;beaver expertise,194;Board of Nine and,190,195,196,199,201,204,207;case of Kieft vs. Kuyter,Melyn,etal.,170,172-79;Catskill purchase attempted,138;claims of Andrew Forrester and,185-86;death,281;defeat and return to Manhattan(1653),252-54;depositions written by,and Stuyvesant response,204-5;Description of Mew Netherland,136-38,137n.,251-52,281-82;family in Breda,and immigration of,225-26,245,245n.,262;as father of New York,143;in Holland presenting case to The Hague,209-32;house excavated,196,196n.,339n. 196;imprisonment,200-4;Indians and,131,135-38,141,162-63;on Indian women,119;Jansson-Visscher map,217,224-25;land grant(Colen Donck),saw mill,title of Jonker,and naming of Yonkers,163-64,176,195-96,245,290;as lawman(schout)and lawyer,109,110,112,131-32,178,188n.,207,250,253,314,333n. 109;letter to Dr. La Montagne,231;Manhattan activists and,140,141-45,143n.,335n.140;marries Mary Doughty,161,176,337n.161;Melyn\'s return and decision against Kieft and Stuyvesant,197-203;politics and,176,185,190,195,199,231,264;portrait of New Amsterdam and,217-18,225;as “President of the Commonalty,”190;as promoter of immigration to Manhattan,226-29,253-54,341-42n. 228;release from prison,204;Remonstrance of New Netherland,205-6,216,223-25,227-28,263,341-42n. 228;return to Manhattan and final years,261-65;ship\'s manifest listing supplies for,245n.;States General presentations,216-18,240-45;States General reversal of ruling and detention in Holland,245,249,250-53;States General victory and recall of Stuyvesant letter,243-45;Stuyvesant and,166,175-76,185,189,190,199-204,208,262,338n.176;Van Rensselaer and,102-3,129,131-34,138-39,141,204;writings,129-31,136-38,137n.,159,163,165-66,167,244,263,281-82,335n. 141

Van der Donck,Gysbert,262

Van der Kemp,Francis Adrian,321-22,35ln. 322

Van Dinklagen,Lubbert,200-1,204,216,235,253

Van Dyck,Anthony,70,157

Van Dyck,Hendrick,172

Van Gastel,Ada Louise,137,137n.

Van Heemskerck,Jacob,29

Van Laer,A. J. F.,53n.,322

Van Leeuwenhoek,Antoni,98-99

Van Meteren,Emanuel,24,33

Van Oldenbarnevelt,Jan,45

Van Rappard,Alexander Ridder,53

Van Rappard,Frans Alexander Ridder,53,53n.

Van Rensselaer,Jeremias,139

Van Rensselaer,Kiliaen,87,88,102-3,108,129,131-34,138-39,141,189,204

Van Rensselaer family,57

Van Ruytenburch,Willem,112

Van Salee,Anthony “The Turk,”86,113,126,127,165,299

Van Slichtenhorst,Brant,57,189-90

Van Tienhoven,Comelis,140,143,166,169,170,173,233;disappearance,266-67;representative to States General,206,227,230-32,240-41;sex scandal,241

Van Twiller,Wouter,82,85,108,113

Van Wassenaer,Nicolaes,43

Varlo,Charles,187n.

Veenendaal,Hanny,137n.

Venema,Janny,57,323-25

Verbrugge,Seth,286

Verbrugge family,106,144

Verhulst,Willem,46,47,49,52,53,54-55,329-30n. 49

Virginia colony,23,31,34,35,72,108,120;Jamestown settlement,195;Manhattan and,195

Vogels,Arnout,36 Vos,Hans,188,188n.

Walloons,40,45,95,114

Waltingen,Jacob,122 Westchester County,269,290

West Indies,35

Weymouth,George,29,31,34

whaling,21

Wickquasgeck Indians,60,111,119,196,196n.;account of death of Adriaen van der Donck,281;murder of,by Europeans,112,123;murder of Claes Swits,110-12,121;peace treaty with,164;trail,60n.,111

Willem Ⅰ,Prince of Orange(William the Silent),27,45,94,95,222

Willem Ⅱ,Prince of Orange,198,222-23,238-40,274

Willem Frederik,239,240

Willett,Thomas,237

William and Mary,King and Queen of England,308-9,320

Wilmington,Delaware,181;Swede\'s Landing,89

Wilson,Woodrow,302

Winslow,Josiah,289

Winthrop,John(elder),180,181,236,246,285

Winthrop,John(younger),287-90,295,297,304,307

Yonkers,New York,163

Zangwill,Israel,318

Zoutberg(“Salt Mountain”),85